![]() Infections: These often involve viral or bacterial infections that attack your brain or other parts of your nervous system, such as herpes simplex virus or Lyme disease.Examples include Krabbe disease and Wilson disease. Genetic disorders: These conditions happen because of DNA mutations, including mutations you can inherit from your biological parents.It can also happen with Parkinson’s disease-related dementia. Degenerative brain diseases: Examples of these include Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia.Examples include damage from lack of oxygen ( cerebral hypoxia) or lack of blood flow from a stroke. The damage disrupts how these areas work, which in turn causes myoclonus. Brain lesions: These are damaged areas of brain tissue.It can also happen because of vitamin or mineral deficiencies and electrolyte imbalances. Blood and body chemistry imbalances: These can happen with kidney or liver diseases and conditions affecting your thyroid.Autoimmune diseases: These are conditions where your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body, such as celiac disease.Others can affect many systems throughout your body. Some of these only affect your brain or other areas of your nervous system. When myoclonus is a symptom of another condition, experts call this “secondary myoclonus.” Secondary myoclonus can happen for a wide range of reasons. This includes seizures due to different forms of epilepsy, such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Myoclonus can happen with or because of seizures (especially myoclonic seizures). Startle reflexes (a jump-like movement you can’t control when you’re surprised or scared).Sleep myoclonus (also known as hypnic jerks, these are sudden sharp muscle movements that happen as you fall asleep or wake up).Hiccups (which are normal unless they last a couple of days or more).Experts call these examples of “physiological myoclonus.” They include: Several processes in your body can cause myoclonus to happen for normal reasons. Experts divide myoclonus into four main categories. Others happen because of specific conditions and disorders that affect various systems in your body. Some of those reasons are normal and expected. What are the most common causes of myoclonus?
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